Policy responses to the COVID-19 outbreak have been rolling out steadily in recent weeks. Actions by major central banks have been swift and unprecedentedly aggressive, including interest rate cuts to, or near, financial-crisis lows, and a spate of quantitative easing and liquidity measures.
On the fiscal front, the response has been slower to take shape, in part because of procedural hurdles. Nevertheless, G7 governments have rolled out direct support in the range of roughly 1.5%-to-7.5% of GDP. Many of the measures have been aimed at supporting workers through a period of self-isolation or job loss, and supporting near-term cash flow to help keep businesses solvent through what is expected to be a short but extremely deep downturn.